Religion sacred scripture of Hinduism during the period of ancient Aryans is called the Vedas. The Vedas of Hinduism are more than 100,000 verses in Sanskrit. The originals were not all sacred texts; they were oral communications transmitted holy seers (Rishi) to disciple by smriti means “remembrance”

 Veda consists of hymns praising various Vedic deities like Agni, Indra, Varuna, Mitra, Soma, etc. Veda hymns were used to appeal to the gods of rain, food and other necessities of life. Those who perform the ritual invocation of deities were called priests (Brahmans). Veda also consist of works on medicine, Ayurveda, Law, Dharma Shastra, architecture, Vastu Shastra, political science, Artha Shastra, morality, Niti Shastra, and of course, love and pleasure, Kama Shastra. So all these, include the Vedas, the sacred books of Hinduism old.

Puranas are collections of old stories about gods, sages and kings, with the genealogies of famous royal families. Stories of creation, destruction, and stories from different eras and even different parts of creation such as different skies and hell is called the Puranas , considered outer part of Veda

 Rishi Vyasa codified the Vedas remembered and put in writing. The Ramayana Mahabharata is also included in the compass of Smriti Vedas. It is composed by the sage Valmiki. The Ramayana is the story of Rama and Hanuman, two of the most popular gods of modern Hinduism. Bhagavad Gita (The Song of God) appears in this great epic of Mahabharata.

 Most Hindus consider four Vedas are the divinely revealed and most revered. The first is called the Rig Veda. The second is called Yajur Veda. The third is called Samaand Veda. The fourth is called Atharva Veda.

 The original Sanskrit literature of the Veda is traditionally regarded as a direct revelation of the truth of cosmic called Ohm and directed by the holy prophets of old (Rrishis) in their consciousness, then translated into something comprehensible in the sacred texts of the Vedas called sruti, Hinduism.

 The Rig-Veda is the oldest of the Vedas. All the other Vedas are based upon it and consist mainly of hymns different from him. It consists of a thousand such hymns of different prophets (Rishis), each hymn composed many verses. Veda form has been structured in different ways to ensure the authenticity and the appropriate shelf life.

 The Rig-Veda is the book of Mantra. It contains the oldest form of Sanskrit mantras all. It is built around a science of sound, including the meaning and power of each letter. Most aspects of Vedic science, such as yoga, meditation, mantras and Ayurvedic medicine system can be found in the Rig Veda and still use many terms that come from him.

 The Yajur Veda is the Veda of ritual. Internally, it defines the practice of yoga to purify the mind and awakening the inner consciousness. The Yajur Veda is the main Veda used by the priests (Brahmans). In ancient India, it refers ritual sacrifice and different formula for the awakening of interior consciousness. Many ancient Hindu temples still follow.  

The Sama Veda is the Yoga of the song. It consists of various hymns of the Rig Veda the subject of another song and music. Therefore, the text of Sama Veda is a smaller version of the Rig Veda.

The secret of Sama Veda is in musical notation and rendering. The Sama Veda is the ecstasy of spiritual knowledge and the power of devotion. The Sama Veda is the song of the realization of the sacred knowledge of the Rig Veda.  

The Atharva Veda is the principal quarter of Vedas of Hinduism. Atharva Veda contains many hymns of the Rig Veda, but also a certain spiritual knowledge that is outside the knowledge of Vedas other direction. As the Rig Veda, there is a collection of hymns, but a more diverse, some very high as the Rig Veda of the other most common type. As such, it gives us a better idea of the lives of ordinary people in Vedic times. He discussed the law of Karma is cause and effect which boosts reincarnation, Veda discuss the release cycle of suffering and rebirth (moksha). 

 In the Vedic period, gods like Agni, Indra, Varuna Mitra, Soma, and Rudras Vasus, have been the basis of Hinduism. The main Hindu gods of the Hindu new age are Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva (the Trimurti). Popular deities include Krishna, Ganesh, Parvati, Lakshmi etc. and Ramayana and Bhagwat Gita are more popular sacred books of Hinduism.

The city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh has seen many Communal ups and downs right from the Razakar movement onwards. There have been periods where it has been secular later communal and then secular again. Mostly modern Hyderabad has been relatively peaceful but just as with the rest of India fallen prey to communally divisive politics. The history of Hyderabad began with the Qutub Shahi dynasty when Golconda was established and later the capital was shifted to Hyderabad with the building of monuments like the Charminar. In the history of the later princely state the importance of the Telangana region holds the key to the way the city was formed. The most prosperous region at one point of time is now in the midst of an economic (barring Hyderabad and the Rangareddy districts) and social struggle for an autonomous state.

The Qutub Shahi rulers were quite accepting of the Telugu culture of the region and embraced the language and culture by learning it and patronizing the arts and encouraging telugu literature. The rulers would converse, read and write in Telugu. The classical dance form Kuchipudi was also born during this time. The Qutub Shahi’s were benevolent rulers who laid emphasis on inclusive progress and assimilated themselves into the culture. The Muslim kings married into the local people of which the most famous example is that of Bhagmati, which gave rise to the name Bhagyanagar to her subsequent conversion to Hyder Mahal from which the name Hyderabad came to be. The dynasty was also very wealthy as a result of the diamond mining (this was where the Kohinoor was excavated) and this prosperity attracted unwarranted attention from the Mughal Empire. The region had an overwhelming majority of Hindus (around 96%) being ruled by Muslim kings which did not present as a problem for nearly 200 years of their rule.

After Aurangazeb’s repeated attacks the dynasty declined and the Mughal inquisition gave rise to the Asaf Jahi dynasty or as they are more popularly known the Nizams of Hyderabad. Under their rule the region of Telangana was the epicentre of the kingdom and Hyderabad was the capital. The Nizam rule saw the rising of the Princely State of Hyderabad and it was some of the most prosperous time for the kingdom. The Hindu population of the state was around 93% but there was not a lot of animosity among the people and the Nizam had signed a treaty with the British Establishment after supporting their annexation of Mysore. So neighbouring Secunderabad and other regions were administered by the British Imperialist forces and the presence of the British Army was a constant. Though the majority population was Hindu it was no secret that the Nizams favoured the Muslims.

Urdu was imposed on the people and Universities (Osmania University) and Schools (Aaliya) established were to enforce Urdu among the Hindus. The administration was also completely dominated by Muslims. This also did not incite any unrest among the people as one of the pillars of the Nizams Sarkar was the support from the Deshmukhs and Jagirdars who were the earlier captured kings from other provinces of India with royal status. All was well till the Nizam demanded dominion status and decided not to join India or Pakistan beginning in 1946. The Hindus (Andhra Mahasaba), Communists and pro-Indian union Muslims started the join India movement, this had the Nizam worried and thus began the Razakar movement with the Majlis-e-Ittehadhul Musalmeen (MIM, separatist dominion group) which included some dalits. This laid the ground for nearly two years of a virtual siege on the Hindus of the state. This led to the police action and the action of the Indian Government to annexe the state and they succeeded on the 18th of September 1948 with the Nizam becoming the ‘Raj Pramukh’

For a city born out of such communal strife and immense religious tension for the years after the struggle the region remained relatively non-communal. There were problems with the violent farmer struggles which grew stronger to the now very evident Naxal problem the contribution of the communists to a peace amongst religions were crucial but laying a virtual siege to official machinery was not (things were non communal even during the Telangana Agitation). Even the rise of Salahuddin Owaisi of the MIM (distanced from the separatist cause) was not the cause of much communal strife. The Babri Masjid demolition changed that and saw the MIM fighting for the rights of Muslims in the city (which made the Owaisis very powerful). This is where the communal harmony in Hyderabad went south. The BJP was making its presence felt like it did in the national arena from 1984 onwards that gave the MIM a slight scare when Badam Bal Reddy almost won (it is alleged that there was massive rigging done to make the MIM win, as a BJP victory would mean a virtual war in the Old City area as it is now known).

The seeds of hatred though had already been laid; Hyderabad after formation of the Andhra Pradesh state saw the worst Hindu-Muslim riots and everything after that became a communal issue. Charminar was basically turned into a MIM bastion and many Hindu traders decided to move out fearing their life. Friday prayer at the Mecca Masjid became the ideal place to start a riot after prayers and anything would set off a stone pelting spree. Then again during the Telugu Desam Party (that was until the alignment with the BJP) and Congress rule in the state there was a lull but very sensitive. During this time many Hindu customs which were earlier welcomed met with opposition and many Muslim practices were deliberately opposed. Both sides wanted to gain political mileage from the communal conflict. Every festival and celebration had to be policed heavily.

Till 1998 Hyderabad had not fully taken off to the current IT city metro status but the division of the Old and New City areas had begun just prior the 90’s. The Babri demolition gave rise to fundamental elements to take advantage of the situation which led to hyper extension of mosques and anti-Hindu tirades at sermons (the most often said thing was to abstain from buying anything from Hindus during Ramzan, now extended to not buy anything from Hindus at any given time). The reactionary response to that was Ganesh Visarjan yatras deliberately causing problems when passing through the Old City or the local Bonalu festival being heavily guarded as the rituals lead to many uncomfortable situations. The MIM was a party to many of these problems but vote-bank politics meant ignorance at best. Islamic fundamentalist elements had permeated locally with an influx of migrants from various parts of the country (plus international influences and migration back and forth).

Sleeper cells of Islamic fundamentalist groups, rise of the RSS now ruled the previously communist (including Maoist Naxal) Telangana. As a result these unchecked happenings eventually led to the Hyderabad Bombings (in Mecca Masjid, Lumbini Park and Gokul Chaat) and the attack of MIM legislators on Taslima Nasreen. The MIM though had shown signs of this when they violently stamped out (there was a shootout where most members were killed, but as always not many clues were found) the opposition from the Majlis-Bachao-Tehreek (MBT) after the death of their leader Amanullah Khan, who had led a successful opposition movement to the MIM. The MIM recently demanded a Muslim state with Warangal as its capital for Telangana, the Communist Party of India had gained significant ground recently as people of the Old City saw through the MIM but the nuclear deal and a passionate speech by Asaduddin Owaisi in support virtually eliminated that near change in thought process. Again Hyderabad is on high alert and the Hindu-Muslim he said-she said will go on but the rising forces of terror will go mostly unchecked in the process. There are enough problems with the Naxal groups now the state has to tackle a combination of problems.